Smallholders Worm Advice Service
SUBMISSION FORMS
£16..50 FOR UP TO 5 NAMED SAMPLES
£2.00 ADD-ON SAMPLES
POST-TREATMENT SCREENING
POST TO: EMILY AT TOMTEBO, NICKLEY WOOD, ASHFORD, KENT TN26 1LZ
Results will be emailed within 7 days
(80% are complete within 48 hours)
2024: Sorry, our books are full - we can't take on any new clients
If you have sent us a sample before - then please continue to send your samples to Emily as usual
THE WORMERS
FOUR STEPS TO CHOOSING THE RIGHT WORMER:
WHICH WORMS?
Know your foe.
Some wormers work better against different worms.
We will tell you which ones are suitable
AM I MILKING THEM?
Milk Withdrawals
Every medicine has a withdrawal period, ranging from zero to 60 days.
For goats follow the sheep guidance or 7 days - whichever is the longest
HOW WOULD I LIKE TO GIVE IT?
Use your best skills.
Some animals are easier to inject, some prefer an oral drench. You know your animals & skills the best
for example:
WHATS LICENSED FOR MY SPECIES?
Follow the Cascade.
Now we have a shortlist of drugs, we can follow the cascade:
-
A product liscenced for my species & my worms
-
A product for my species
-
A product for a similar species
-
A product for any animal
-
A product for a human
I've got Haemonchus
I can use:
-
ivermectin
-
moxidectin
-
eprinomectin
-
albendazole
YES I'm milking
I can use:
-
moxidectin
-
eprinomectin
I'D LIKE A DRENCH
I can use:
-
moxidectin
I'M TREATING SHEEP
I can use:
-
Cydectin oral drench, liscenced for sheep with Haemonchus containing moxidectin with a 120 hour milk withdrawal period. Perfect!
YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES
Even if your animals are just pets, you must follow the regulations when using medications
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Buying wormers: each product is given a category. For POM-V products: a vet must examine the animal first & then prescribe. For POM-VPS products: a vet or pharmacist (eg online suppliers) can assess your animals' information / suitability and prescribe without examining your animal. I can write a prescription for a POM-VPS after the WEC if needed - some online suppliers prefer this for goats & alpacas (£4.50 prescription fee)
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Following the Datasheet: read the dosing carefully, if you change the dose rate you will need to use the default withdrawal periods. Read the info for women handling the drug especially if pregnant. Be aware of all the listed adverse effects so you are prepared. If your vet decants you a small amount, ask for a copy of the original product's datasheet for your records.
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Milk & Meat Withdrawal Period: 'Day' is 24 hours from the time of administration. The product's period only applies if used at the dose rate & species listed. If used in a different species the default withdrawal periods apply: 7 days (for milk), 28 days (for meat) or the products listed period + 50%, which ever is longest. Eg, using a sheep product in a goat: if listed for 3 days in sheep = 7 days in a goat, if listed for 60 days in a sheep = 90 days in a goat (60+50%)
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Record Keeping: record all batch numbers, tag or microchip number, date of admin, dose given, withdrawal periods adhered to. Label all bottles with the date you broach it. If you have staff, ensure everyone initials every entry they make to records.
THE WORMERS:
EPRINOMECTIN:
YES YES YES
NO DATA NO NO
Treats: roundworms, haemonchus, lungworm, mites & lice
Brand names: Epromec pour-on for Cattle, Eprizero pour-on for Cattle, Bimeprine pour-on for Cattle, Neoprinil pour-on for cattle,
Eprecis injection for cattle, sheep & goats (ZERO MILK WITHDRAWAL)
Broad spectrum wormer - effective against the roundworms, nematodirus, Haemonchus, Lungworms, warbles, mange mites, sucking lice, biting lice
Safe during pregnancy & lactation
Pour-Ons are not ideal in goats - can cause skin irritation and are often in-effective
Eprinomectin is the ONLY wormer with no milk withdrawal for GOATS if using injectible EPRECIS. The cascade and the dafualt 7 day withdrawl period applies when using the pour-on in goats
Toxic to some other species (esp Collie Dogs) - read instructions carefully.
Licensed Species
Suitable Species
Method
Milk Withdrawal
Meat Withdrawal
Cattle (all products), Sheep & Goats (Eprecis)
ZERO for all products in Cows
ZERO for Eprecis Injection Sheep & Goats
Cattle, Sheep & Goats
Pour-on skin, or
Injection
Varies by species & product, 1-15 days
Albendazole
YES YES YES
YES NO NO
Treats: roundworms, haemonchus, lungworm, tapeworms & fluke-eggs
Brand names: Albex, Endospec
Broad spectrum against all worms, its is 'Ovicidal' against fluke eggs - this means it will not kill the adult flukes within the liver but will reduce pasture contamination of eggs
Sheep & Goats & Alpaca: never use within 30 days of conception (either side of mating), best avoided throughout pregnancy.
Not to be used in milking sheep & goats
Licensed Species
Suitable Species
Method
Milk Withdrawal
Meat Withdrawal
Cattle & Sheep
Cows: 60 hours
Not to be used in milking goats or sheep
Cattle, Sheep, Goats & Alpaca
Oral
Cattle: 14 days
Sheep: 5 days
Goats: 28 days
Moxidectin
YES YES YES
YES NO YES
Treats: roundworms, haemonchus, lungworm
Brand names: moxodex, cydectin (pour-on for cattle, injection for cattle or sheep, or oral solution for sheep) , Equest for horses
Broad spectrum, easy to administer.
There is a pour-on available for Cattle (6 day milk withdrawal, 14 day meat withdrawal), the pour-ons can cause irritation to goat & alpaca skin.
DAIRY GOATS: the sheep withdrawal for Cydectin Oral is just 120 hours, so the default off-species of 7 days withdrawal applies. Do not use the injection in dairy herds.
Cydectin TriclaMox oral solution for sheep: has added Triclabendazole for treatment of adult & larval stages of Fluke, this is not for use in milking animals and has a prolonged meat withdrawal
Licensed Species
Drug
Method
Milk Withdrawal
Meat Withdrawal
Cattle, Sheep, horses
Oral: sheep 120 hours, Goats 7 days
Inj: do not use
Moxidectin
Oral, Injection, pour-on
Oral: sheep 14 days, Goats 28 days
Inj: sheep & goats 70 days
Levamisole
YES YES NO
NO NO NO
Treats: roundworms, haemonchus, lungworm
Brand names: Levacide (oral drench or injection), Levacur (oral)
Broad spectrum
DAIRY ANIMALS: not to be used
Goats: works very well, but has a low safety margin - slightly too much will trigger neurological signs so only use if you have accurate platform weighing scales
Licensed Species
Drug
Method
Milk Withdrawal
Meat Withdrawal
Cattle, Sheep
Do not use
Levamisole
Oral, Injection,
Varies by product, 14 - 21 days
Fenbendazole 10%
YES YES YES
YES YES YES
Treats: roundworms, haemonchus, tapeworms (resistance reported), particularly useful for pinworms, tapeworms and Nematodirus
Brand names: Panacur, Zerofen, generic fenbendazole, pigfen
Often known as 'White Wormer'.
The different brands have different withdrawals - read instructions carefully, do not use Zerofen in dairy herds.
Pigfen & 'Panacur Aquasol' are suspensions for use in treating Ascaris suum, added to drinking water for Pigs, 4 days meat withdrawal period
Panacur make a continuous release intraruminal bolus device for cattle, not for use in dairy cows and 200 day meat withdrawal period
Licensed Species
Drug
Method
Milk withdrawal
Meat Withdrawal
Cattle, Sheep, Pigs & Horses
ZEROFEN: do not use
Fenbendazole
Oral, intraruminal bolus, water additive
varies widely - read instructions carefully.
Ivermectin
YES YES YES
YES YES YES
Treats: roundworms, haemonchus, lungworm, mites & ticks
Brand names: oramec, noromec (oral), panomec, ivomec, noromectin, bimectin (inj), panomec, ivomec (pour-ons)
Pour-ons can cause severe skin irritation in goats.
*** DAIRY ANIMALS ***: follow datasheets carefully- do not use in last 60 days of gestation or during lactation.
Ecomectin is a medicated pre-mix for feeding to pigs
There are many oral pastes available for horses, with or without an added tapewormer
Licensed Species
Drug
Method
Milk Withdrawal
Meat withdrawal
Cattle, Sheep, Pigs & horses
60 days ***
Ivermectin
Oral, injection, pour-on, in feed mixture
28 days
HERBAL
YES YES YES
YES YES YES
Common Ingredients: Wheat Meal, Wheatfeed Meal, Micronised Beet Pulp, Limestone Flour, Cinnamon, Garlic, Common Thyme, Peppermint, Fennel, Cleavers, Nettle, Sunflower Oil, Slippery Elm, Quassia, Cayenne, Seaweed Meal, Dicalcium Phosphate.
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VermX has a product for sheep&goats, cattle, pigs and horses
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Tubby by CM Animal Health produces many vitamin, mineral & herbal products
Licensed Species
Drug
Method
Milk Withdrawal
Meat withdrawal
No liscence required
ZERO
NONE
granules
ZERO
Copper Oxide
Wire Particles
YES YES YES
NO NO NO
Ingredients: COWP - copper oxide needles
Brands: Copasure (USA - can import through ebay)
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There is lots of data & research going into the efficacy of COWPs. A bolus of 2g per kid or doe can significantly reduce haemonchus burdens.
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Suggested interval between doses is 6 months.
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No effect against lungworm or fluke. The effect comes from the needles as much as the copper, so a pure copper supplement does not work
Licensed Species
Drug
Method
Milk Withdrawal
Meat withdrawal
No liscence required
ZERO
NONE
capsule
ZERO
Diatomaceous
Earth
YES YES YES
YES YES YES
Ingredients: microscopic fossilized diatoms, ground into a powder
Brands: generic, multi-mite
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DE works by physically traumatizing the external walls of parasites. Very effective against mites, lice and poultry intestinal worms - however its efficacy in the ruminant is unproven. Two clinical trials did not find any beneficial effect in cattle.
Licensed Species
Drug
Method
Milk Withdrawal
Meat withdrawal
None required
ZERO
NONE
powder added to food
ZERO
High Tannin & Proanthrocyanidins
(PAC) Forage
YES YES YES
YES YES YES
Examples: Sericea lespedeza (legume added to grazing or dried as hay), the leaves, bark & buds of willow, oak & eucalyptus trees, and cranberry vines (PACs)
-
Tannins and the PACs have been clinically proven to reduce gastrointestinal parasites (Haemonchus & roundworms - no effect against lungworm & liver flukes). The target is to get 50% of the animal's diet to be the high tannin foods for atleast a week.
Licensed Species
Drug
Method
Milk Withdrawal
Meat withdrawal
NONE
ZERO
NONE
Forage
ZERO