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SHEEP &parasites

Submission

 

Form

SUBMISSION

FORM

A small-holder's flock needs a bespoke worming program. The commercial herd-medicine approach doesn't apply when every individual is important.

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Recommended FEC frequency: 3-4 times per year

Best Schedule Non-Breeding: Jan, May, Aug-September

Best Schedule Breeding: Late Pregnancy, 4-8 week old lambs (Ewe & Lamb poo for Cocci), May-June (esp lambs - for nematodirus), August (everyone for Barber Pole, Lungworm & Roundworm)

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Sheep WEC: £14.50

for up to 5 named samples

Including fluke, coccidia and lungworm

This can be a mix&match of species across the farm

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ROUNDWORMS

aka the Nematodes:

Teladorsagia, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum

SYMPTOMS

Diarrhoea

Lower milk production

Poor condition

Slow growth rate

Midline or jaw oedema

Death

haemonchus

aka Barbers Pole Worm:

Haemonchus contortus

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SYMPTOMS

Anaemia

Weight Loss

Lethargy

Sudden death

Normal Poos

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tapeworm

aka the Cestodes:

Monezia, Thysanosoma

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SYMPTOMS

Look horrible when wriggling out - but surprisingly harmless!

Heavy burdens in Lambs cause:

Anorexia

Reduced gut motility

Gut rupture & peritonitis

coccidia 

aka Coccidiosis:

Eimeria

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SYMPTOMS

Mainly affects lambs:

Diarrhoea (often pasty)

Blood & mucus in faeces

Skinny & weak

Abdominal Pain

Permanent gut damage

Healthy adults will often have coccidia in their faeces - interpret positive samples with care before using a coccidiostat

The Parasites

LIVER FLUKE

aka Fasciola:

Fasciola hepatica, Fascioloides magna

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SYMPTOMS

Anorexia & depression

Weakness & dry faeces

Increased respiratory rate

Ascites (belly fluid)

Colic

Sudden death

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LUNGWORMS

Dictyocaulus filaria, Muellerius capillaris, Protostrongylus rufescens

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SYMPTOMS

Cough

Nasal discharge

Increased respiratory rate

Poor condition

Weight loss

cYSTICERCOSIS 

Cysticercus tenuicollis - the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Taenia hydatigena

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SYMPTOMS

Mainly asymptomatic

large numbers cause liver failure:

depression

weakness

CRYPTOSPORIDIUM

aka Crypto:

Cryptosporidium parvum

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SYMPTOMS

5-10 day old lambs

active, alert & feeding well

very liquid diarrhoea

yellow diarrhoea

Control Tips

controltips

Good parasite control is about more than using a drug every 3 months,

you can reduce risk & use of anthelminthic drugs:

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  • do not graze with goats or camelids (they share worms)

  • do graze with horses (they 'hoover-up' sheep worms)

  • Avoid previously flooded grazing

  • Avoid mud-snail areas, eg by streams

  • Encourage foraging behaviour

  • Feed hay in a rack, never the floor

  • Rotational graze

  • Increase dietary protein in lambs

  • Ensure new animals have a clear faeces check

  • Be fastidious with food & water bowl cleanliness

Coccidia

Focus On: Coccidia

The dreaded coccidia!

Why is it such bad news?

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This tiny parasite (Eimeria) infects the gut lining of young lambs. The initial inflammation causes severe diarrhoea.

This inflammation then permanently scars, the animal will always be a 'Poor-Doer'.

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The biggest problem - this scarring starts before shedding coccidia in faeces, so a positive test in a sick lamb is already too late.

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To add to this complex bug's trouble - healthy adult sheep & goats will have a normal population of coccidia living in their bowels - giving a positive test result when nothing is wrong.

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As if that all wasn't bad enough - the treatment is difficult. No drug kills all the parasites. Decocquinate, Lasalosid and Monensin and Diclazuril will all help to reduce parasitic load, and should be used to treat in-contact kids & lambs.

Diclazuril (Vecoxan) can be given to all lambs or kids at 4-6 weeks of age on farms known to have a coccidia problem.

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To add insult to injury - the bug is extremely difficult to kill in the environment. Sunlight & Ammonia are the only two things to kill this bug reliably.

The key to Coccidia Sucess? Prevention is Better than Cure.

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Symptoms

  • Kids & lambs 1-6 months old

  • Brown, watery diarrhoea

  • Blood & mucus in faeces

  • Poor appetite

  • Dehydration

  • Weakness

  • Rough coat

  • Weight loss

  • Fading away & death 

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Treatment

Affected Lambs:

  • Vecoxan 0.25mls / Kg by mouth, repeated after 3 weeks​

  • Aggressive fluid therapy - orally with electrolyte solutions and/or subcutaneous saline

  • Antibiotics for secondary infection

  • Hand feeding

In contact lambs:​

  • Vecoxan 0.25mls / Kg by mouth, repeated after 3 weeks​

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Cleaning

  • Clear away all faeces & bedding

  • Try to encourage as much natural sunlight as possible - coccidi are killed by UV light

  • Get kids & lambs outside as soon as possible

  • Reduce stocking density

  • Clean everything with an ammonia based cleaner, eg superkill max.

  • Change water buckets daily

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Prevention

  • Control build up of manure or waste

  • Ensure good natural daylight

  • Maintain low stocking densities indoors

  • Keep water sources totally clear of faecal contamination

  • Clean indoor housing with ammonia before the start of lambing or kidding season

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Known coccidia environments:

Treat kids & lambs with vecoxan (or similar coccidia treatment) at 4 weeks old, and at times of stress - weaning, moving

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